• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a winding device component, in particular an automatic watch movement, for example a pawl (12), characterized in that it is made of austenitic stainless steel and that it comprises at least one friction surface ( 15, 16) cured by carbon or nitrogen atoms introduced into the austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.
    公开号:CH712813A2
    申请号:CH00984/17
    申请日:2017-07-28
    公开日:2018-02-15
    发明作者:De Almeida Graca Sergio；Linck Vannina
    申请人:Rolex Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The invention relates to a ratchet and / or a toothed wheel of a winding device, in particular automatic, of a watch movement, as well as a winding device, in particular an automatic winding device, a watch movement and a watchdog piece. watchmaking as such. It also relates to a method of manufacturing a ratchet and / or a toothed wheel of a winding device, more generally a watch movement.
    An automatic winding device of the state of the art allows, by a kinematic chain, to connect an oscillating mass to a barrel, so as to allow the winding of a barrel spring.
    [0003] FIG. 1 more particularly illustrates a part of a mobile of a kinematic chain of an automatic winding device of the state of the art. This mobile includes two pawls 1, 2 cooperating with a toothed wheel 3 which is integral with a pinion 4. In a first automatic winding mode, corresponding to a first direction of rotation of the oscillating mass, the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4 are rotated under the actuation of the pawls 1, 2 which are both pivoted on an automaton wheel, not shown in Figure 1, itself actuated in rotation in a first direction of rotation. In a second automatic winding mode, corresponding to a second direction of rotation of the oscillating mass, the pawls 1 and 2 have no effect on the toothed wheel 3 and the pinion 4, and oscillate at high speed relative to the toothed wheel 3, according to their respective pivot axis, under the rotation of the automaton wheel in a second direction of rotation. In a third manual winding mode, the pinion 4 and the toothed wheel 3 are actuated in rotation under the effect of a manual winding chain. The rotation of the wheel 3 releases the teeth of the wheel 3 ratchets 1 and 2 which oscillate at high speed, or very high speed, according to their respective pivot axis.
    These three winding modes, well known automaton devices of the plaintiff, are in particular made possible by the asymmetric conformation of the toothing of the wheel 3, as well as by the specific geometry of the pawls 1, 2, in particular in the three modes, the beaks of the pawls 1, 2 cooperate with the teeth of the toothed wheel 3 and there is a friction torque between the friction surfaces of these components, which generates wear phenomena with aging. The second and third winding modes require the tribological components more strongly because of the high-speed or even very high-speed oscillations of the pawls: in fact, friction velocities are measured in the case of a ratchet at minus 5 kHz in manual winding, may even exceed 10 kHz. As an indication, the oscillation frequencies of the axes of a mechanical oscillator of a watch movement are generally of the order of 3 to 5 Hz, which represents constraints very different from those of a winding device. The pawls and the gear wheel are generally stamped in steels of the Ck60, Finemac or 20AP type. With these achievements of the state of the art, there is pronounced wear during advanced aging of the controller device, as detailed below. This wear degrades the performance of the controller and results in a risk of loss of winding performance after advanced aging.
    Figures 3a and 3b show the friction surfaces of a ratchet of the state of the art Ck60 steel after aging, respectively image scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in chemical contrast and image of optical microscopy. It appears that a large part of the surface of the functional area, identifiable by darker areas in these figures, has changed with aging. Figure 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of these surfaces by EDX microprobe: the dark areas correspond to the presence of oxidation products, which prove to be iron oxide.
    The pronounced oxide formation on the friction surfaces is typical of the tribooxidation mechanism. In addition, the optical images show more precisely that the oxide on the surfaces has a brown to red color, typical of hematite (Fe203), which is a mineral whose hardness is approximately 1000-1100 HV, which comes from waste mixtures of oxides that form on both surfaces in contact before becoming encrusted on each surface. The initial Ck60 steel has a hardness of the order of 720 HV. The mineral deposited with aging therefore has a high abrasion potential compared to the less hard metal surfaces. The waste caused by the tribo-oxidation is therefore one of the causes of the deterioration of performance observed during the aging of the winding device of the state of the art. The Applicant has therefore identified for the first time the presence of a corrosion phenomenon occurring at the interface between the two components of the winding device, and more specifically the appearance of an iron oxide, which causes accelerated wear.
    On the other hand, the overall aging of a winding system is also related to the wear of other components than those of a winding device as detailed above: the solution of the state of the technique is based on a winding device that accentuates the overall wear of a winding system.
    The present invention aims to provide an improved solution for a winding device, including automatic watch movement, which does not include all or part of the disadvantages of the state of the art.
    Thus, a general object of the invention is to provide a watch movement winding device which has an improved behavior vis-à-vis the advanced aging compared to the solutions of the state of the art. For this, the invention seeks to achieve one of the following two objects: a first object consists of a watch movement winding device which has a substantially constant efficiency over time; or, more ambitiously, a second object consists of a watch movement winding device which has a yield increasing over time to reduce the overall aging of a winding system.
    More specifically, the invention therefore seeks a component solution for watch movement winding device that resists corrosion better, even at very high friction frequencies, especially greater than or equal to 5 kHz.
    For this purpose, the invention is based on a winding device component, including automatic watch movement, characterized in that it is austenitic stainless steel and in that it comprises at least one friction surface hardened by reinforcing atoms introduced into the austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.
    More specifically, the invention is based on a winding device, including automatic watch movement, comprising at least two metal components cooperating with an interface undergoing friction, characterized in that it comprises at least one steel component. austenitic stainless steel, comprising at least one friction surface hardened by carbon or nitrogen type atoms introduced into the austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth. These at least two metal components are at least one metal pawl cooperating with a metal gear by an interface undergoing friction.
    The invention is more precisely defined by the claims.
    These objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description of a particular embodiment made in a non-limiting manner in relation to the attached figures among which:
    FIG. 1 represents a portion of a mobile of a kinematic chain of a winding device of the state of the art.
    FIG. 2 represents a ratchet of a mobile of a kinematic chain of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Figs. 3a and 3b show the friction surfaces of a ratchet of the state of the art Ck60 steel after aging.
    FIG. 4 illustrates the results of chemical analysis of the friction surfaces of FIGS. 3a and 3b of the ratchet of the state of the art using an EDX microprobe.
    Figs. 5a and 5b show the friction surfaces of a pawl after aging according to one embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 6 illustrates the chemical analysis results of these friction surfaces of FIGS. 5a and 5b of the sample according to the embodiment of the invention using an EDX microprobe.
    FIG. 7 represents the results of comparative tests of ratchets of the state of the art and the embodiment of the invention.
    According to the embodiment that will be described, the invention relates to a ratchet and a gear wheel of a controller device or automatic winding a watch movement. According to this embodiment, the pawl is provided to cooperate with the toothing of the toothed wheel. More particularly, the pawl is pivoted so as to cooperate with the toothing of the toothed wheel by means of spouts, in particular arranged at its ends. Alternatively, the pawl could be provided to cooperate with a toothing and / or a cam of the automatic winding device, with or without return spring. More generally, this invention could be implemented on any other component of a winding device undergoing friction, especially on any pair of metal components comprising an interface generating high frequency friction. It could for example be implemented on a ratchet paw of a winding device, whether it is a manual or automatic winding device.
    Figure 2 illustrates a pawl 12 of a winding device according to one embodiment of the invention. This pawl comprises two spouts 13,14 at its two ends, which cooperate alternately with a toothed wheel, such as the toothed wheel 3 of Figure 1, according to the three operating modes used for reassembly, as explained above. . On each of these beaks 13, 14, a friction surface 15, 16 has respectively been identified of a functional zone which undergoes the friction torque with the toothed wheel.
    To overcome these phenomena, the embodiment proposes to manufacture the pawl 12 from an austenitic stainless steel, for example a type 316L steel, whose friction surfaces 15,16 undergo a particular treatment consisting in diffusing carbon or nitrogen atoms at a given depth. This pawl is designed to cooperate with a conventional gear wheel, for example 20AP type steel or Finemac.
    The method of manufacturing such a pawl according to the embodiment comprises the following steps: - stamping the pawl in a 316L austenitic stainless steel strip; treatment of at least one friction surface of the pawle consisting of diffusing carbon or nitrogen-type reinforcing atoms in the crystalline mesh of the steel over a predetermined depth, preferably between 5 and 40 microns inclusive. This treatment may involve subjecting the part to a gas (methane or propane for carburizing, ammonia or nitrous nitriding and a mixture of both for nitro-carburation), at a temperature below 500 ° C, to avoid formation of chromium carbides or chromium nitrides. By way of example, this treatment may consist of a Kolsterization®, or a thermochemical treatment such as a carburizing, a nitriding, a nitro-carburation, an ion implantation, a thermal diffusion treatment, etc. This treatment is chosen so as to obtain a hardening of the treated surfaces to a hardness greater than or equal to 1000 HV. Such a treatment is not detailed since it involves using a technique known from the state of the art.
    Advantageously, the method comprises a polishing step between the two previous steps. It also advantageously comprises a final polishing step after the treatment step, the function of which is to flatten the friction surfaces, for example on 2-3 uni, to make the treated surfaces perfectly smooth.
    Figures 5a and 5b illustrate the friction surfaces found after the same pawl aging protocol according to the embodiment of that of the state of the art illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b. It clearly appears that the friction surfaces of the pawl according to the embodiment of the invention almost no longer include dark areas, contrary to the statement described with reference to Figures 3a and 3b. In addition, the chemical analysis, the results of which are illustrated in Figure 6, shows that the few dark spots are due to iron oxide and / or chromium, especially chromite (FeCr204), which is responsible the higher oxidation resistance of the pawl according to the embodiment during friction. As a remark, the iron oxide found on the pawl is mainly formed on the toothed wheel and then transferred to the ratchet surface.
    [0021] Figure 7 also illustrates the effect obtained with the winding device according to the embodiment. This figure shows the torques measured on a winding device of the state of the art, between a steel ratchet Ck60 associated with a 20AP steel gear, by the sticks 21, 31, 41, 61, 61, 71 in a state nine for respectively several speeds with the röchet and by the sticks 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 in an aged state for respectively the different speeds with röchet, compared to the torques measured on the device of reassembly according to the embodiment of l invention, by the sticks 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 in a new state for respectively the different speeds to röchet and by the sticks 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 in an aged state for respectively the different speeds to röchet. Aging was obtained by manually raising the watch by the rod, which corresponds to the third mode of operation of the device, thus causing the rotation of the toothed wheel and its friction against the pawl which oscillates along its pivot axis. As a note, these are the most severe wear conditions for ratchets because they are always in an unsteady configuration and oscillate, especially rub, at high speed against the gear wheel.
    Figure 7 shows that before aging, the measured torque for the components according to the embodiment of the invention is very slightly lower than that measured for the components of the state of the art. After aging, the difference between the two measurements becomes very significant. The components according to the embodiment of the invention have a reduction of the torque while the components of the state of the art show a radical increase in the measured torque, which illustrates their significant decrease in yield over time.
    Thus, against all prejudices, the solution implemented by the embodiment of the invention even makes it possible to reduce frictional torque over time, which allows the winding device to improve its performance as it ages. . This effect is very interesting since it makes it possible, for example, to compensate for the aging of the winding system due to the wear of other components. Another advantage of the invention stems from the fact that the watch movement winding device is less sensitive to magnetism because of the materials used.
    The embodiment has been described from a treated austenitic stainless steel ratchet, associated with a standard wheel. Alternatively, the wheel can be likewise austenitic stainless steel, and its teeth, at least their friction surfaces, can be hardened by a treatment as described above.
    On the other hand, the austenitic stainless steel selected in the embodiment is of the 316L type, but any other austenitic stainless steel could be used, such as 304L or 904L.
    Naturally, the invention is not limited to the winding device described and could alternatively be implemented on any other metal component of a winding device in any other architecture, more specifically on at least one of its components. undergoing frictional wear.
    The invention also relates to a watch movement which comprises a winding device, including automatic, as described above. It also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, which includes such a watch movement.
    On the other hand, the invention may more generally be extended to any metallic component of a watch movement subjected to significant friction against another metal component, for example a lever, in particular a lever which is provided for cooperate with a cam, particularly in the context of a retrograde mechanism. It can also be implemented at the meshes of a steel bracelet, which also undergo many friction in contact with their axes of rotation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Winding device, in particular automatic, movement watch, comprising at least one metal pawl cooperating with a metal gear by an interface undergoing friction, characterized in that it comprises at least the pawl and / or the toothed wheel. austenitic stainless steel, comprising at least one friction surface hardened by carbon or nitrogen type atoms introduced into the austenitic stainless steel to a predetermined depth.
    [2]
    2. Winding device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the predetermined depth is between 5 and 40 μιη included.
    [3]
    Winding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one hardened friction surface has a hardness greater than or equal to 1000 HV.
    [4]
    4. A winding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the austenitic stainless steel is of the type 316L, 304L or 904L.
    [5]
    5. Watch movement, characterized in that it comprises a winding device according to one of claims 1 to 4.
    [6]
    6. Timepiece, characterized in that it comprises a watch movement according to the preceding claim.
    [7]
    7. A method of manufacturing a watch movement winding device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the manufacture of at least one metal pawl and / or a metal gear by the steps following: - formation of the pawl and / or the toothed wheel in an austenitic stainless steel strip: - treatment of at least one friction surface of the obtained component consisting of integrating carbon or nitrogen type reinforcing atoms to a predetermined depth .
    [8]
    8. A method of manufacturing a winding device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the treatment step comprises subjecting the workpiece to a gas, including methane or propane for carburization, ammonia or carbon dioxide. dinitrogen for nitriding or a mixture of both for nitro-carburization, at a temperature below 500 ° C, to avoid formation of chromium carbides or chromium nitrides, or thermochemical treatment such as carburizing, or nitriding , or a nitro-carburation, or an ion implantation, or a diffusion heat treatment.
    [9]
    9. A method of manufacturing a winding device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises a polishing step between the steps of forming and treatment and / or a step of polishing the at least one surface friction treated after the treatment step.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    EP16184191|2016-08-15|
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